Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Foilsithe/Forainmneacha/180611
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Ní díochlaonta per se na forainmneacha pearsanta, ach tá foirmeacha áirithe acu.
- The first person plural has alternative forms (based on sinn and muid).
- The second person singular may lenite when used objectively (but is subject to the dntls rule).
- Third person pronouns drop their initial s when used with the copula, and objectively.
- Emphatic forms add suffices.
Treoir mhearthagartha[cuir in eagar]
The summary table shows the following forms for the personal pronouns:
- an copail is: Is é.
- briathra anailíseacha:
- as subject, aka conjunctive: Feiceann sé.
- as object, aka disjunctive: Feiceann sé thú.
- emphasis: Is mise
- possessive pronouns, not declined.
- example synthetic, for standard and dialect/archaic declensions.
| Uimhir agus pearsa | Copail | Anailíseach | Emphatic | Possessive [1] | Example Synthetic[2] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| subject [3] | object [4] | copula | analytic | standard | dialect | ||||
| Uatha | 1d | mé | mé | mise | moL, m' [5] | -im | -im | ||
| 2a | tú | tú | thú | tusa | doL, d' [5] | - | -ir | ||
| 3ú fir | é | sé [6] | é | eisean | seisean | aL | - | -idh | |
| 3ú bain | í | sí | í | ise | sise | aH | |||
| 3ú neo | ea [7] | - | |||||||
| Iolra | 1d | sinn [8] | sinn | sinne | árN | -imid | -imid | ||
| muid | muid | muidne | |||||||
| 2ú | sibh [8] | sibh | sibhse | bhurN | - | -tí | |||
| 3ú | iad | siad | iad | iadsan | siadsan | aN | - | -id | |
Sanasaíocht[cuir in eagar]
The etymology table shows how Irish pronouns derive, in whole or in part, from the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European pronouns Teimpléad:l, Teimpléad:l and Teimpléad:l.
Notaí[cuir in eagar]
- ↑ Using the /L H N/ notation to indicate triggering of lenition, aspiration and eclipsis (for which /E/ may also be seen).
- ↑ Active indicative present, slender. Of these forms, besides the standard first person, only the second singular may be heard today. For other tenses, see for example dialect forms on Nualeargais.
- ↑ Also conjunctive.
- ↑ Also disjunctive.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Elision occurs before vowels and lenited f: m'iníon, d'fhear céile.
- ↑ Not to be confused with Is é...> 'Sé....
- ↑ The last remaining neuter form in Irish, akin to English Teimpléad:l.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 There was an older form without the copular s.
- ↑ Entries for Middle Irish are given only if they differ significantly from Old Irish.
- ↑ Obsolete spelling eadh.
- ↑ This is the emphatic form.
- ↑ Synthetic ending re-analysed as a pronoun.
- ↑ Reduplicated form of Teimpléad:l.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 The Old Irish form is the same as the 3rd sg m, Teimpléad:l.
- ↑ Messe ocus Pangur Bán....
- ↑ Dissimilated from the Proto-Celtic.
- ↑ The final vowel triggers lenition.
- ↑ The final -s triggers h-prothesis.
- ↑ The final nasal triggers eclipsis.
Etymology pointers[cuir in eagar]
Teimpléid Vicífhoclóra[cuir in eagar]
Naisc sheachtracha[cuir in eagar]
- An Caighdeán Oifigiúil, 2017
- A Grammar of the Irish Language, O'Donavan, 1845
Féach freisin[cuir in eagar]
Category:Irish appendices - Pronouns
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